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boron carbide ring (B4C) is a highly hard material that is ideal for sealing in extremely strict non-leakage occasions. It is used in a variety of applications, including pumps that contain large amounts of solid particles and liquids.
It is also a good choice for cutting and grinding metals. In particular, it is a suitable material for polishing diamonds, the hardest known substance.
In addition to this, boron carbide has low density and chemical inertness. These characteristics make it a good choice for armor making and nuclear reactor applications.
Moreover, boron carbide has a high cross-section to capture neutrons, and it could be used as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. The growing need for nuclear power plants is a significant driver of the demand for boron carbide powder.
The chemical structure of boron carbide is complex, and it contains both B12 icosahedra and CBC chains in the unit cell. Specifically, the c-axis of a boron carbide crystal corresponds to the rhombohedral direction of a boron rhombohedron [206].
This complex crystal structure is important in boron carbide, and it has a long history of use in industrial applications. It is particularly useful in cutting and grinding tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, and crystalline alumina, as well as diamonds.
Despite its great potential, boron carbide has been difficult to manufacture commercially, mainly because it is very susceptible to contamination and amorphization from water. It is therefore desirable to find a boron carbide with a crystal structure of such size and quality that it can be used as an abrasive on a commercial scale.
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